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GNSS
Kingmach GNSS include the JMDL-31XXAT Smart Multipoint Displacement Meter for tunnels, rock slopes, foundation pits, and surrounding rock layers. The product uses displacement gauges, PVC measuring rod protective tubes, anchor heads, and multipoint installation kits that support three to five monitoring points. Installation is performed by drilling and grouting, with anchor heads fixed at different depths so each layer can be observed separately. Listed models include 50 mm, 100 mm, and 200 mm ranges, all with 0.01 mm resolution. The sensing principle uses an LC oscillation circuit: as the measuring rod moves inside the coil, magnetic reluctance and inductance change, causing the output frequency to change in a linear relationship with displacement. Because the rod and coil work without contact, the structure is less vulnerable to mechanical damage during installation. The built-in memory stores model, serial number, calibration coefficients, and up to 600 measurement records for later traceability. During project setup, the measuring point should be matched with the expected travel direction, available mounting space, cable route, and required acquisition interval. This prevents a short-range joint instrument from being used on a long-travel point, or an exposed sensor from being placed where an embedded anchor is needed. It also helps the monitoring team set a baseline that can be defended during acceptance and later maintenance review.
Application of GNSS
In dam and hydropower projects, GNSS can track joint opening, bedrock deformation, gate position, dam body movement, tunnel portal movement, and displacement between monitoring points. The pain point is long service life under water level fluctuation, seepage, temperature change, and difficult access. Kingmach JMDL-32XXAT single-point bedrock meters are designed for dam bedrock deformation and provide 50 mm, 100 mm, and 200 mm ranges with 0.01 mm resolution. JMDL-52XXADT differential meters can monitor relative movement in concrete joints with RS485 digital output and plus or minus 0.1%FS accuracy. JMCW-21XXADT magnetostrictive meters provide 0 to 1000 mm absolute position measurement for gates, equipment stroke, or structural movement. JMLS-22XXADT wire rope sensors support up to 2000 mm for larger displacement paths. Combined with water level, seepage, strain, and temperature monitoring, displacement data helps dam managers understand deformation behavior across operating cycles. During operation, the monitoring team should keep the baseline, temperature, inspection notes, and nearby sensor behavior in the same review file. This makes it easier to tell whether a movement trend comes from normal service, a repair event, changing load, water influence, or developing structural risk. Clear records also help owners decide when a field inspection is needed instead of waiting for visible damage.
The future of GNSS
Standardized reporting will become more important for future GNSS use. Different stakeholders read movement data in different ways: site managers need fast alerts, designers need deformation patterns, owners need risk status, and maintenance teams need repeatable inspection records. Kingmach smart displacement products already provide details such as absolute displacement, relative displacement, zero-point value, temperature, model number, calibration coefficient, and stored measurements on selected models. Future reports can turn those details into clearer tables and curves: baseline date, latest reading, daily change, cumulative movement, temperature at reading, warning level, sensor status, and recommended inspection action. This will help projects avoid long exports that hide the main risk. A clear displacement report should show not only how far a point moved, but whether that movement is new, accelerating, linked with other sensors, or still within the expected range. Report formats should also keep field photos and maintenance notes close to the curve, so reviewers can understand the physical point behind the data.
Care & Maintenance of GNSS
For magnetostrictive GNSS, maintenance should protect the non-contact sensing advantage by keeping wiring, power, and mounting clean. Kingmach JMCW-21XXADT lists DC24V input, RS485 communication, IP67 protection, reverse polarity protection up to -36V, and wiring colors for power and RS485 lines. Confirm red, yellow, blue, and green wires before energizing the device, and check grounding in cabinets where motors, pumps, or hydraulic equipment may create electrical noise. Because the sensor is used for absolute position measurement over 0 to 1000 mm, inspect mechanical alignment and travel stops so the moving part remains within range. Do not clamp the sensing body in a way that transfers bending force from the machine frame. During service, compare repeatability at known positions and review whether position drift appears after temperature swings, maintenance work, or hydraulic cylinder repair. Keep the installation photo, point number, zero value, and expected movement direction with the commissioning record for later review. If a reading changes after maintenance work, inspect the base, anchor, cable, and cabinet before assuming the structure itself has moved.
Kingmach GNSS
In structural monitoring, GNSS should not be treated as single-purpose accessories. Kingmach displacement products can work with comprehensive testers, automatic acquisition systems, bus modules, RS485 output, and monitoring software, which allows movement data to sit beside strain, load, settlement, tilt, vibration, temperature, and water level. That combined view is important because displacement often has several causes. A tunnel crown reading may respond to excavation sequence, groundwater, lining age, or nearby traffic. A bridge joint may move with both temperature and bearing behavior. A slope reading may change after rainfall, blasting, or retaining wall loading. By using smart products with stored parameters and digital transmission, project teams reduce channel mix-ups and make later data review cleaner. The result is a monitoring chain where field installation, sensor identity, baseline readings, and platform curves can be checked against one another. The point should be named on the drawing, linked with its cable route, and checked against the expected movement direction before the first automatic reading is accepted. For daily review, the reading should be compared with nearby points, recent weather, site operations, and any loading event that could explain the movement.
FAQ
Q: Which GNSS are used for rock layers or bedrock?
A: JMDL-31XXAT multipoint meters are used for different surrounding rock layers, while JMDL-32XXAT single-point bedrock meters are used for tunnel rock mass, dam bedrock, slope, or foundation pit movement.
Q: How many points can the multipoint meter support?
A: The multipoint installation kit supports three to five monitoring points, with anchor heads fixed at different depths by drilling and grouting.
Q: What ranges are listed for these models?
A: Both JMDL-31XXAT and JMDL-32XXAT list 50 mm, 100 mm, and 200 mm models with 0.01 mm resolution.
Q: Why monitor several depths?
A: Different layers may move differently. Separating shallow and deep movement helps engineers judge whether the problem is surface creep, deeper rock slip, or overall mass movement.
Q: What records should be kept?
A: Keep drilling depth, anchor location, grouting date, channel name, zero value, cable route, and first stable reading.
Reviews
James Thompson
The tiltmeters and accelerometers are very sensitive and provide precise data. Perfect for our structural health monitoring system.
Ryan Lewis
Fast delivery and excellent product quality. The accelerometers and tiltmeters are highly reliable. Strongly recommend this company.
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